Project SAIL aimed to improve the scientific understanding of the marine boundary layer by means of a unique monitoring campaign on board the iconic Portuguese tall ship NRP Sagres during its 2020 circumnavigation expedition. The campaign focused on the measurement of the atmospheric electric field over the ocean, and on the study of space-driven interactions via the detailed monitoring of gamma, solar and cosmic radiation as well as GNSS signals and atmospheric ionization. The atmospheric measurements are complemented by the collection of fish samples and by underwater monitoring of the ocean state (temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, spectral radiance), providing unique data for the detailed study of ocean-atmosphere fluxes and surface-atmosphere interactions.
This dataset comprises the raw atmospheric measurements from the SAIL campaign, including the ship data collected onboard (denoted by the infix SHIP), the sensor data, obtained after correction of logging errors (denoted by the infix SD) and the geosensor data corresponding to georeferenced datafiles (denoted by the infix GD). Further information can be found in the project's data management plan (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4286209).
This dataset currently includes the resources detailed below. Additional resources will be added as they become available.
ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRIC FIELD
The resource SAIL_SHIP_E1.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SHIP_E1_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files E1_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour). The files E1_yyyymmdd_HH.txt have the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: date (mm/dd/yyyy)
col 3: time (HH:MM:SS)
col 4: voltage (power) (V)
col 5: voltage (internal) (V)
col 6: Panel temperature (deg C)
col 7: Electric field (V/m)
col 8: Leakage current (nA)
col 9: CS110 status (numeric code)
col 10: Internal RH (%)
col 11: shortwave incoming radiation (W/m2)
col 12: shortwave outgoing radiation (W/m2)
The resource SAIL_SHIP_E2.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SHIP_E2_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files E2_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour). The files E2_yyyymmdd_HH.txt have the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: date (mm/dd/yyyy)
col 3: time (HH:MM:SS)
col 4: voltage (power) (V)
col 5: voltage (internal) (V)
col 6: Panel temperature (deg C)
col 7: Electric field (V/m)
col 8: Leakage current (nA)
col 9: CS110 status (numeric code)
col 10: Internal RH (%)
The resource SAIL_SD_E1.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SD_E1_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files E1_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: Electric field (V/m)
col 3: Leakage current (nA)
col 4: CS110 status (numeric code)
col 5: Internal RH (%)
The resource SAIL_SD_E2.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SD_E2_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files E2_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: Electric field (V/m)
col 3: Leakage current (nA)
col 4: CS110 status (numeric code)
col 5: Internal RH (%)
The resource SAIL_GD_E1.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_GD_E1_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files E1_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: Electric field (V/m)
col 3: Leakage current (nA)
col 4: CS110 status (numeric code)
col 5: Internal RH (%)
col 6: latitude (degrees N)
col 7. longitude (degrees E)
The resource SAIL_GD_E2.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_GD_E2_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files E2_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: Electric field (V/m)
col 3: Leakage current (nA)
col 4: CS110 status (numeric code)
col 5: Internal RH (%)
col 6: latitude (degrees N)
col 7: longitude (degrees E)
GAMMA RADIATION
The resource SAIL_SHIP_GA.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SHIP_GA_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files GA_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: date (mm/dd/yyyy)
col 3: time (HH:MM:SS)
col 4: gamma counts (counts per second)
col 5: battery voltage (kV)
The resource SAIL_SD_GA.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SD_GA_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files GA_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: gamma counts (counts per second)
col 3: battery voltage (kV)
The resource SAIL_GD_GA.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_GD_GA_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files GA_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: gamma counts (counts per second)
col 3: battery voltage (kV)
col 4: latitude (degrees N)
col 5: longitude (degrees E)
VISIBILITY
The resource SAIL_SD_VI.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SD_VI_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files VI_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: date (mm/dd/yyyy)
col 3: time (HH:MM:SS)
col 4: sensor ID string (SWS050)
col 5: sensor identification number (=001)
col 6: averaging time period in seconds (=060)
col 7: meteorological optical range (m)
col 8: obstruction to vision code
col 9: extinction coefficient
col 10: self-test diagnostics
The resource SAIL_GD_VI.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_GD_VI_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files VI_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: date (mm/dd/yyyy)
col 3: time (HH:MM:SS)
col 4: sensor ID string (SWS050)
col 5: sensor identification number (=001)
col 6: averaging time period in seconds (=060)
col 7: meteorological optical range (m)
col 8: obstruction to vision code
col 9: extinction coefficient
col 10: self-test diagnostics
col 11: latitude (degrees N)
col 12: longitude (degrees E)
CLUSTER IONS
The resource SAIL_SHIP_CI.tar.gz includes the files SAIL_SHIP_CI_yyyymmdd.tgz (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), each containing a text file of outputs from the sensor on the measurement process (yyyymmdd.log) and the hourly datafiles of block averages (yyyymmdd-block.records), 10-seconds measurements (files yyyymmdd-10s.records) and 1-second measurements (files yyymmdd-1s.records) with the following structure:
col 1: date (yyyy-mm-dd)
col 2: initial time (HH:MM:SS.microseconds)
col 3: date (yyyy-mm-dd)
col 4: final time (HH:MM:SS.microseconds)
col 5: string of operation mode ("ions")
col 6 to col 11: cur_0 to cur_5 (electrometer currents)
col 12 to col 17: curvar_0 to curvar_5 (current variance estimates - noise level estimates)
col 18 to col 23: rawcur_0 to rawcur_5 (raw electrometer currents)
col 24 to col 29: volt_0 to volt_5 (electrometer voltages)
col 30: filter mean
col 31: filter stdev
col 32: Neg air conductivity mean (fS/m)
col 33: Neg air conductivity stdev (fS/m)
col 34: Neg avg cluster ion mobility (cm^2/V/s)
col 35: Neg avg cluster ion mobility stddev (cm^2/V/s)
col 36: Neg sample air pressure (hPa)
col 37: Neg sample air pressure stddev (hPa)
col 38: Neg sample air pressure sensor vtg (V)
col 39: Neg sample air pressure sensor vtg stddev (V)
col 40: Neg central electrode voltage (V)
col 41: Neg central electrode voltage stddev (V)
col 42: Neg central electrode voltage target (V)
col 43: Neg central electrode voltage target stddev (V)
col 44: Neg central electrode voltage sensor vtg (V)
col 45: Neg central electrode voltage sensor vtg stddev (V)
col 46: Neg central electrode voltage control vtg (V)
col 47: Neg central electrode voltage control vtg stddev (V)
col 48: Neg concentration 1 (#/cm^3)
col 49: Neg concentration 1 stddev (#/cm^3)
col 50: Neg concentration 2 (#/cm^3)
col 51: Neg concentration 2 stddev (#/cm^3)
col 52: Neg concentration 3 (#/cm^3)
col 53: Neg concentration 3 stddev (#/cm^3)
col 54: Neg filter voltage (V)
col 55: Neg filter voltage stddev (V)
col 56: Neg filter voltage enabled (V)
col 57: Neg filter voltage enabled stddev (V)
col 58: Neg filter voltage sensor vtg (V)
col 59: Neg filter voltage sensor vtg stddev (V)
col 60: Neg mobility 1 (cm^2/V/s)
col 61: Neg mobility 1 stddev (cm^2/V/s)
col 62: Neg mobility 2 (cm^2/V/s)
col 63: Neg mobility 2 stddev (cm^2/V/s)
col 64: Neg mobility 3 (cm^2/V/s)
col 65: Neg mobility 3 stddev (cm^2/V/s)
col 66: Neg sample flow (l/min)
col 67: Neg sample flow stddev (l/min)
col 68: Neg sample flow target (l/min)
col 69: Neg sample flow target stddev (l/min)
col 70: Neg sample flow sensor vtg (V)
col 71: Neg sample flow sensor vtg stddev (V)
col 72: Neg sample flow control vtg (V)
col 73: Neg sample flow control vtg stddev (V)
col 74: Neg sample flow target vtg (V)
col 75: Neg sample flow target vtg stddev (V)
col 76: Pos air conductivity (fS/m)
col 77: Pos air conductivity stddev (fS/m)
col 78: Pos avg cluster ion mobility (cm^2/V/s)
col 79: Pos avg cluster ion mobility stddev (cm^2/V/s)
col 80: Pos sample air pressure (hPa)
col 81: Pos sample air pressure stddev (hPa)
col 82: Pos sample air pressure sensor vtg (V)
col 83: Pos sample air pressure sensor vtg stddev (V)
col 84: Pos central electrode voltage (V)
col 85: Pos central electrode voltage stddev (V)
col 86: Pos central electrode voltage target (V)
col 87: Pos central electrode voltage target stddev (V)
col 88: Pos central electrode voltage sensor vtg (V)
col 89: Pos central electrode voltage sensor vtg stddev (V)
col 90: Pos central electrode voltage control vtg (V)
col 91: Pos central electrode voltage control vtg stddev (V)
col 92: Pos concentration 1 (#/cm^3)
col 93: Pos concentration 1 stddev (#/cm^3)
col 94: Pos concentration 2 (#/cm^3)
col 95: Pos concentration 2 stddev (#/cm^3)
col 96: Pos concentration 3 (#/cm^3)
col 97: Pos concentration 3 stddev (#/cm^3)
col 98: Pos filter voltage (V)
col 99: Pos filter voltage stddev (V)
col 100: Pos filter voltage enabled
col 101: Pos filter voltage enabled stddev
col 102: Pos filter voltage sensor vtg (V)
col 103: Pos filter voltage sensor vtg stddev (V)
col 104: Pos mobility 1 (cm^2/V/s)
col 105: Pos mobility 1 stddev (cm^2/V/s)
col 106: Pos mobility 2 (cm^2/V/s)
col 107: Pos mobility 2 stddev (cm^2/V/s)
col 108: Pos mobility 3 (cm^2/V/s)
col 109: Pos mobility 3 stddev (cm^2/V/s)
col 110: Pos sample flow
col 111: Pos sample flow stddev
col 112: Pos sample flow target
col 113: Pos sample flow target stddev
col 114: Pos sample flow sensor vtg
col 115: Pos sample flow sensor vtg stddev
col 116: Pos sample flow control vtg
col 117: Pos sample flow control vtg stddev
col 118: Pos sample flow target vtg
col 119: Pos sample flow target vtg stddev
col 120: diagnostic flags
flag ba: 'Elm. +1 is noisy'
flag bb: 'Elm. +2 is noisy'
flag dd: 'Elm. +3 is noisy'
flag 20: 'Elm. −1 is noisy'
flag 8c: 'Elm. −2 is noisy'
flag 97: 'Elm. −3 is noisy'
The resource SAIL_GD_CI.tar.gz contains daily datafiles of block averages (SAIL_GD_CI_yyyymmdd-block.records), 10-seconds measurements (files SAIL_GD_CI_yyyymmdd-10s.records) and 1-second measurements (files SAIL_GD_CI_yyymmdd-1s.records) from the cluster ions counter instrument (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour). The files have the same structure as for the ship data, except for two columns added at the end of each line corresponding to latitude (degrees N) and longitude (degrees E), respectively.
SOLAR RADIATION
The resource SAIL_SD_SL.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SD_SL_yyyymmdd.tar.gz, each including the hourly files SL_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: shortwave incoming radiation (W/m2)
col 3: shortwave outgoing radiation (W/m2)
The resource SAIL_GD_SL.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_GD_SL_yyyymmdd.tar.gz, each including the hourly files SL_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: shortwave incoming radiation (W/m2)
col 3: shortwave outgoing radiation (W/m2)
col 4: latitude (degrees N)
col 5: longitude (degrees E)
TOW-FISH - CTD
The resource SAIL_SHIP_TF_CTD.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SHIP_TF_CTD_yyyymmdd.tgz, each including the hourly files CTD_yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: Pressure (dbar)
col 3: Temperature (degrees C)
col 4: Conductivity (mS/cm)
col 5: Salinity
col 6: Oxygen (%)
col 7: Oxygen (ppm)
col 8: pH
col 9: Chlorophil(a) (microgram/l)
col 10: Turbidity (FTU)
col 11: Phycoerythrin (microgram/l)
col 12: Time & Memory
The resource SAIL_SD_TF_CTD.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SD_CTD_yyyymmdd.tar.gz, each including the hourly files yyyymmdd_HH.txt (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), with the following structure:
col 1: timestamp (seconds.microseconds)
col 2: Pressure (dbar)
col 3: Temperature (degrees C)
col 4: Conductivity (mS/cm)
col 5: Salinity
col 6: Oxygen (%)
col 7: Oxygen (ppm)
col 8: pH
col 9: Chlorophil(a) (microgram/l)
col 10: Turbidity (FTU)
col 11: Phycoerythrin (microgram/l)
GNSS
The resource SAIL_SHIP_NS.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SHIP_NS_yyyymmdd.tgz (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), each including the hourly logs from the antennas composing the GNSS system, in different formats:
- binary format (described in Novatel OEM4 Volume 2 Command and Log Reference User manual)
- RAWIMUX format (IMU data extended log for post-processing)
- NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) format
The resource SAIL_SD_GNSS_NMEA.tar.gz contains the files SAIL_SD_GNSS_NMEA_yyyymmdd.tar.gz (where yyyy is the year, mm the month, dd the day, and HH the hour), each including the hourly logs from the antennas composing the GNSS system, in the NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) standard format.